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	<title>Feminismus Spanien - Ruta Ñ</title>
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	<title>Feminismus Spanien - Ruta Ñ</title>
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		<title>Feminismus in Spanien: Eine Route durch Madrid</title>
		<link>https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/feminismus-in-spanien-rundtour-madrid/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Katharina]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Mar 2023 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Das unbekannte Spanien]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linkinbio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reise in die Vergangenheit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verstehen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buchladen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entdeckungstour madrid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Feminismus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Feminismus Spanien]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Madrid]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Jedes Jahr sind die Demonstrationen zum Weltfrauentag ein klein wenig größer. Menstruierende Personen dürfen sich in Spanien seit 2023 während</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/feminismus-in-spanien-rundtour-madrid/">Feminismus in Spanien: Eine Route durch Madrid</a> first appeared on <a href="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com">Ruta Ñ</a>.</p>]]></description>
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									<p>Jedes Jahr sind die Demonstrationen zum Weltfrauentag ein klein wenig größer. Menstruierende Personen dürfen sich in Spanien seit 2023 während ihrer Periode frei nehmen und es gibt spezielle Gerichte, die sich mit Gewalt an Frauen besonders gut auskennen. Feminismus wird in Spanien gelebt &#8211; nicht nur am 8. März. Ein Land, in dem bis in die 1970er Jahre eine Diktatur herrschte, in der Frauen einen männlichen Vormund brauchten, um ein Bankkonto zu eröffnen, bäumt sich nun mit aller Kraft gegen die überflüssig gewordenen Ketten auf. Doch neu ist die Rebellion der Frau in Spanien nicht. Sie begann schon lange vor der Diktatur &#8211; eine Route entlang des Feminismus in Spanien, mitten durch Madrid.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Mercado de la Cebada</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Die <strong>Gemüsehändlerinnen</strong>, die Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts im Markt Mercado de la Cebada den Aufstand der Artischocke (<em>Motín de la Alcachofa</em>) anzettelten, können heute als die <strong>Frauen der ersten weiblichen Arbeiterbewegung</strong> von Madrid gesehen werden. Frustriert über die Gerüchte, dass sie krank machendes Gemüse anbieten würden, beschwerten sie sich bei der Stadtregierung. Als der damalige Bürgermeister in den Markt kam, um die Frauen zu besänftigen, bewarfen sie ihn mit Artischocken – der Auftakt von diversen Protesten in den folgenden Jahren. Die Gemüsehändlerinnen gingen <strong>zwischen Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts geeint auf die Straße, um gegen Steuererhöhungen und andere politische Änderungen zu demonstrieren</strong>, die ihren Verkauf bedrohten. Ihre Forderungen wurden landesweit gehört, oftmals belächelt. Dies ging so weit, dass das Wort „<em>verdulera</em>“ neben der eigentlichen Bedeutung Gemüsehändlerin, auch die weitere Bedeutung „ordinäres Weibstück“ erhielt.</p><p>Noch immer kann man im Mercado de la Cebada Obst- und Gemüse sowie Fleisch und Fisch einkaufen. Auch kleine Buchläden und Stände, die Kunst oder Uhren verkaufen, finden mittlerweile Platz im Markt. Besonders beliebt ist er bei den Madrileños zur Mittagszeit, am Abend und am Wochenende: Dann kann man sich hier bei Tapas und Bier von Stand zu Stand durchprobieren.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Adresse</strong>: Plaza de la Cebada, 28005 Madrid</p><p><strong>Öffnungszeiten:</strong></p><p>Montag bis Freitag: 9-14 Uhr und 17-20 Uhr</p><p>Samstag: 9-18 Uhr</p><p>Sonntag: 11-17 Uhr</p><p><strong>Metro:</strong></p><p>La Latina &#8211; Linie 5</p><p>Tirso de Molina &#8211; Linie 1</p>								</div>
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										<img decoding="async" width="768" height="659" src="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1911-09-14_NUEVO_MUNDO-scaled-1-768x659.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-19665" alt="" srcset="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1911-09-14_NUEVO_MUNDO-scaled-1-768x659.jpg 768w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1911-09-14_NUEVO_MUNDO-scaled-1-350x300.jpg 350w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1911-09-14_NUEVO_MUNDO-scaled-1-933x800.jpg 933w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1911-09-14_NUEVO_MUNDO-scaled-1-1536x1318.jpg 1536w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1911-09-14_NUEVO_MUNDO-scaled-1-2048x1757.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" />											<figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Nuevo Mundo (Zeitschrift)</figcaption>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Residencia de Señoritas</h2>				</div>
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									<p>1915 gegründet, war die Residencia de Señoritas die erste offizielle Einrichtung Spaniens, die sich für die Hochschulbildung von Frauen einsetzte. Hier konnten die Frauen wohnen, bekamen drei Mahlzeiten am Tag und hatten Zugang zu einer Bibliothek, in der sie außerhalb der Seminare studieren konnten. María de Maeztu, Pädagogin und Humanistin, leitete die Residencia bis zu ihrer Auflösung 1936 und stellte sogar Austauschprogramme in andere universitäre Einrichtungen auf der Welt her.</p><p>Heute leitet die Stiftung Fundación Ortega-Marañón die Einrichtung und zeigt wechselnde Ausstellungen. Außerdem kann man das Gebäude besichtigen. Der Eintritt ist kostenlos.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Adresse:</strong> Plaza de la Provincia 1, 28012 Madrid</p><p><strong>Metro: </strong></p><p>Tirso de Molina &#8211; Linie 1</p><p>Sol &#8211; Linie 1,2 und 3</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="550" height="367" src="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/la-tabacalera-de-lavapies.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-5153" alt="" srcset="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/la-tabacalera-de-lavapies.jpg 550w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/la-tabacalera-de-lavapies-400x267.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">3. La Tabacalera</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In der <strong>alten Tabakfabrik Tabacalera</strong> mitten im Zentrum von Madrid sind die Erlebnisse jener Frauen, die dort über drei Jahrzehnte lang arbeiteten, fast verschüttet. Nichts erinnert innerhalb des weitläufigen Gebäudes noch an die <strong>tausenden Frauen, die hier Tag und Nacht unter schwersten Bedingungen  Tabak rollten</strong>. Pausen gab es kaum und die Arbeitsutensilien gab es nur, wenn frau sie von ihrem eigenen Geld kaufte. Bis ins Jahr 2000, als die Fabrik schloss, waren es vor allem Frauen, die das Geschäft am Laufen hielten. Oft waren es die Enkelinnen oder Urenkelinnen, die die Arbeit der ersten Arbeiterinnen fortführten.</p><p>Sie sind weitestgehend vergessen, dabei waren sie Pionierinnen ihrer Zeit. Sie legten, genau wie die Gemüsehändlerinnen, den Grundstein für den Feminismus in Spanien. Sie waren die ersten, die außerhalb des eigenen Zuhauses arbeiteten und Geld für die Familie verdienten. Viele von ihnen wurden zu <strong>Hauptversorgerinnen ihrer Familien </strong>und gaben ihren Arbeitsplatz von Generation zu Generation weiter, von Mutter zur Tochter, zur Enkelin oder Nichte. Mit ihren <strong>Demonstrationen für faire und gerechte Arbeitsbedingungen und Gewerkschaften</strong> unterstützten sie maßgeblich die Entwicklung der Frau hin zu mehr Gleichberechtigung in der spanischen Gesellschaft. </p><p>Seit 2023 wird die alte Tabakfabrik restauriert und soll zu einem Kulturzentrum umgebaut werden.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Adresse:</strong> Calle de Embajadores 51, 28012 Madrid </p><p><strong>Metro:</strong></p><p>Lavapiés &#8211; Linie 3</p><p>Embajadores &#8211; Linie 3</p>								</div>
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												<figure class="wp-caption">
										<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="476" src="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Reparando_el_olvido_-_Luisa_Carnes_03-768x476.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-5204" alt="" srcset="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Reparando_el_olvido_-_Luisa_Carnes_03-768x476.jpg 768w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Reparando_el_olvido_-_Luisa_Carnes_03-400x248.jpg 400w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Reparando_el_olvido_-_Luisa_Carnes_03-1290x800.jpg 1290w, https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Reparando_el_olvido_-_Luisa_Carnes_03.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" />											<figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Copyright Luisa Carnés</figcaption>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">4. El Lyceum Club Femenino</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Der feministische Club <em>El Lyceum Club Femenino</em> wurde 1926 von 115 Frauen der Madrider Oberschicht gegründet. Die meisten von ihnen arbeiteten in Universitäten und gehörten der Residencia de Señoritas an, einem Zentrum, das sich für die Hochschulbildung der Frau zwischen 1915 und 1939 einsetzte. Um dem Club beitreten zu können, musste man einen höheren Abschluss vorweisen oder Verbindungen zum Sozialwesen haben. Hier im Lyceum Club Femenino begann die <strong>Debatte um das weibliche Stimmrecht in Spanien</strong>. An die 500 Frauen traten während seines Bestehens (1926-1939) dem Club bei, unter anderem die spanische Politikerin und Suffragette Clara Campoamor, die spanische Juristin und Exilpolitikerin Victoria Kent oder die Pädagogin und Humanistin María Maeztu.</p><p>Das <strong>Gebäude</strong> ist eines der wenigen Bauten in Madrid, die noch <strong>aus dem 16. Jahrhundert</strong> stammen. Es ist benannt nach seinen sieben Schornsteinen (<em>Siete Chimeneas</em>) und beherbergt seit den 1980er Jahren <strong>Teile des Bildungs- und Kulturministeriums</strong> von Spanien.</p>								</div>
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			<iframe loading="lazy"
					src="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=plaza%20del%20rey%201%2C%2028004&#038;t=m&#038;z=15&#038;output=embed&#038;iwloc=near"
					title="plaza del rey 1, 28004"
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									<p><strong>Adresse:</strong> Plaza del Rey 1, 28004 Madrid</p><p><strong>Metro:</strong></p><p>Banco de Espana &#8211; Linie 2</p><p>Gran Vía &#8211; Linie 1 und 5</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="478" src="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Chesapeake_and_Potomac_Telephone_Company._View_of_row_of_operators._View_of_chairs_showing_type_of_chairs_used_by_telephone_company._-_NARA_-_522875.gif" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-5208" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">5. La Telefónica</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Lange bevor ein Anruf automatisch zwischen zwei Telefonen verbunden werden konnte, wurde man zu einer Zentrale weitergeleitet und musste der Person am anderen Ende mitteilen, mit wem man sprechen wollte. In Spanien waren es die Frauen, die diese Arbeit als <strong>Telefonistinnen</strong> übernahmen. Sie waren günstige Arbeitskräfte, bekannt für ihre Disziplin und ihre Stimmen sollten manch aufgebrachten Anrufer besänftigen, beschreibt das größte Telekommunikationsunternehmen <em>Telefónica</em> den Ursprung der Telefonistinnen. Seit Ende des 19. Jahrhundert waren sie es, die die fordernde Arbeit übernahmen und ab <strong>den 1940er Jahren sogar auf Ehe und Familie verzichteten</strong>, um sich ganz ihrer Aufgabe zu widmen. Denn ihre Arbeit wurde <strong>in der Gesellschaft anerkannt</strong>, weit mehr als jene auf dem Feld, zu Hause oder in Fabriken. Sie ermöglichte den <strong>Telefonistinnen neue Perspektiven und eine andere, weit unabhängigere Rolle gegenüber dem Mann</strong>. Sie waren nicht nur im wörtlichen Sinne die Stimme einer ganzen Generation: Durch die Arbeit der Telefonistinnen wurden allen Frauen in Spanien und weltweit der Weg zu mehr Gleichberechtigung geebnet.</p><p>Das Gebäude, in dem einst die Telefonistinnen arbeiteten, gehört noch immer der Firma Telefónica. Es wurde im 20. Jahrhundert von dem Unternehmen in Auftrag gegeben und war damals eines der <a href="https://www.rutaene.de/das-madrid-das-du-schon-kennst/">ersten Hochhäuser Europas</a>. Heute beherbergt es dessen Stiftung, <em>Fundación Telefónica</em>, die wechselnde Ausstellungen, Workshops und Konferenzen zu verschiedensten Themen anbietet. In einer ihrer permanenten Ausstellungen geht es um die <a href="https://espacio.fundaciontelefonica.com/en/evento/the-history-of-telecommunications/">Geschichte der Telefonie sowie der Telefonistinnen</a>. </p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Adresse:</strong> Gran Vía 28</p><p><strong>Öffnungszeiten: </strong></p><p>Dienstags bis Sonntags: 10-20 Uhr</p><p><strong>Metro: </strong></p><p>Gran Vía &#8211; Linie 1 und 5</p><p>Callao &#8211; Linie 3 und 5</p>								</div>
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										<img decoding="async" src="https://www.rutaene.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Libreria_de_Mujeres_de_Madrid_01.jpg" title="" alt="Buchladen Feminismus" loading="lazy" />											<figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Wikipedia</figcaption>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.libreriamujeres.com/">5. Buchladen Librería Mujeres</a></h2>				</div>
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									<p>Er ist einer der <strong>ältesten feministischen Buchläden der Welt</strong> – seit dem 16. Oktober 1978 werden in der Librería Mujeres Bücher geschrieben von Frauen, über Frauenthemen und Feminismus verkauft. Fast 200 Frauen beteiligten sich damals an dem Projekt für die Rechte der Frau einzustehen und dem Feminismus Raum zu geben. Man kann sich vorstellen, wie verdutzt viele Passanten geschaut haben müssen, als sie kurz nach Ende der Diktatur Bücher über die Sexualität der Frau im Schaufenster der <strong>Librería Mujeres</strong> ausgestellt sahen. 1991 entschieden sich eben jene Frauen zusätzlich zum Geschäft einen eigenen <strong>Verlag</strong> zu gründen.</p><p>Heute kann man in dem Laden randvoll mit Büchern außerdem an Veranstaltungen wie politischen Workshops, Debatten oder Buchpräsentationen teilnehmen. Wer etwas bestimmtes sucht: die Ladeninhaberin Alba kennt ihre Bücher in und auswendig.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Adresse:</strong> Calle de San Cristóbal 17, 28012 Madrid</p><p><strong>Öffnungszeiten: </strong></p><p>Montags bis Freitags: 10-14Uhr und 17-20Uhr</p><p>Samstags: 10.30-14 Uhr und 17-20Uhr</p><p><strong>Metro:</strong> Sol &#8211; Linie 1,2 und 3</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com/feminismus-in-spanien-rundtour-madrid/">Feminismus in Spanien: Eine Route durch Madrid</a> first appeared on <a href="https://katharinaruta.belenweb.com">Ruta Ñ</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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